AMPICILLIN SOD. B
Supply:500MG/VIAL(AMPICILLINR)
Use:Bactericidal against gram positive organisms, including Streptococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Salmonella, E. coli, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitides, Proteus mirabilis, Brucella spp, Shigella.
Contraindication:Not to be used in patients sensitive to penicillins. Reduced doses in patients with impaired renal function.
Adverse effect:Allergic reaction, skin rashes, urticaria, maculopapular, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, raised serum aminotransferase, pseudomembranous colitis, superinfections with Pseudomonas and Candida.
Usual dosage:Normal Dosage: Infection due to gram positive organisms & Haemophilis influenzae: 250 - 500 mg Q6H. GI and urinary tract infection due to G(-) organisms: 500 - 750 mg Q6 - 8H. Enteric infection: 1 - 2 g Q6H.
Dosage adjustment : according to CrCl (ml/min)
> 30 :
1.5 - 3 g
Q6-8H
15 - 29 :
1.5 - 3 g
Q12H
5 - 14 :
1.5 - 3 g
Q24H
Patient information:Food decrease rate and extent of absorption; take oral on an empty stomach, if possible(ie, 1 hour prior to, or 2 hours after meals); report diarrhea promptly; entire course of medication should be taken to ensure eradication of organism; females should report onset of symptoms of candidal vaginitis; may interfere with the effects of oral contraceptives
AMOXICILLIN B
Supply:500MG/CAP(AMOXICILLINR),
1.5GM/60ML/POWDER FOR ORAL SUSP.(AMOLINR)
Use:Same as ampicillin, bactericidal slightly more active than ampicillin against some Streptococci and Salmonella spp, but less active agaisnt Shigella spp.
Contraindication:Same as ampicillin.
Adverse effect:Same as ampicillin.
Usual dosage:Usual dosage:Adults: PO 250 - 500 mg Q8H; maximum daily dose: 4.5 g.
Child: under 20 kg, 20 - 40 mg/kg/day in 3 divided doses.
Patient information:Report diarrhea promptly; entire course of medication (10-14days) should be taken to ensure eradication of organism; may interfere with oral contraceptive; females should report symptoms of vaginitis; pediatric drops may be placed on child's tongue or added to formula, milk
BENZATHIN PENICILLIN G B
Supply:2,400,000IU/VIAL(RETARPENR)
Use:Streptococcal infections (group A without bacteremia), mild to moderate infections of the upper respiratory tract. Venereal infections, prophylaxis of rheumatic fever and/or chorea, also prophylactic therapy for rheumatic heart disease and acute glomerulonephritis.
Contraindication:Hypersensitivity to penicillins.
Adverse effect:Hypersensitivity reactions, rash, leukopenia, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, neuropathy, nephropathy.
Usual dosage:IM only. For URI, adults: 1,200,000 U as a single dose. Child(> 27.3kg) : 900,000 U as a single dose, child & infants(< 27.3kg) : 300,000-600,000 U as a single dose.
For syphilis, adult: 2,400,000 U as a single dose for early syphilis, 2,400,000-3,000,000 U once a week for 2-3 weeks; congential syphilis: Infants & child up to 2 yrs of age, 50,000 U/kg as a single dose, chldren 2-12 yrs of age , adjust dosage on the basis of usual adult dose.
Streptococcal prophylaxis: 1,200,000 U/month, or 600,000 U/2 weeks.
Special precautions:Diabetes. Must not be inj SC, IV or intralumbarly or into body cavities. Trivial infection should not be treated with Retarpen. Impaired renal function. Infants, elderly. Hypersensitiyity to cephalosporins.
OXACILLIN B
Supply:0.5gm/Vial(Prostaphlin)
Use:Active against most gram positive organisms and Neisseria spp. activity is less than other penicillins. Effective to those infection caused by penicilln-resistant Staphylococci and Streptococci.
Contraindication:Hypersensitivity to penicillins, used with caution in jaundiced neonates.
Adverse effect:As for benzyl penicillin, increased serum SGOT and SGPT. Neutropenia, Haematuria, albuminuria and uraemia occured in infants.
Usual dosage: Adult, IM or IV 0.25-1 g Q4-6H; maximum dose: 6 g/day
Newborn and premature infants: 25 mg/kg/day in divided doses.
Patient information:Take orally on an empty stomach 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals; finish all medication; do not skip doses
PIPERACILLIN B
Supply:2gm/Vial(Pitamycin)
Use:Bone, joint, skin, soft tissue, O&G, intraabdominal, resp tract infection; UTI; septicemia; endocarditis; gonorrhea.
Contraindication:Hypersensitivity to penicillins. Infectious mononucleosis
Adverse effect:Allergic reactions; GI disturbances; pseudomembranous colitis; rarely hemolytic anemia, leukopenia; superinfection.
Usual dosage:Mild infection 100-200 mg/kg body wt. Severe infection 200-300 mg/kg body wt. Daily by IM or IV
TALAMPICILLIN
Supply:250MG/CAP(TALACINR)
Use:Resp tract & enteric infections, UTI, gonorrhea, meningitis, septicemia, bacillary dysentery, shigellosis, salmonellosis
Contraindication:Hypersensitivity to penicillins. Infectious monoucleosis
Adverse effect:Allergic reactions, GI disturbances, pseudomembranous colitis, hemolytic anemia. Leukopenia.
Usual dosage:Adult 250 mg tid or qid
Cephalosporins
CEFACLOR B
Supply:250MG/CAP(U-CLORR)
Use:Cefaclor is a second-generation oral cephalosporin. Cefaclor is more active than cephalexin and cephradine, in vitro, against a number of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. It is effectively in infection of respiratory tract, urinary tract, skin and soft tissues, and for otitis media.
Contraindication:Hypersensitivity to cefaclor or cephalosporin antibiotics.
Adverse effect:Nausea and diarrhea; CNS reactions (headache, lassitude) have occurred rarely, as have elevations in hepatic function tests and cholestatic jaundice; skin reactions have been reported, including a syndrome of pruritic rash, arthralgia and joint swelling in SLE patients.
Usual dosage:250 mg Q8H, with 500 mg Q8H suggested in severe infections, maximum dose: 4 g/day
CEFADROXIL
Supply:500MG/CAP(CEFADROXILR), 1.5GM/60ML SYRUP/BOT(UCEFAR)
Use:Infections due to gr+ve & gm-ve organisms
Contraindication:Hypersensitivity to penicillins, severe renal impairment.
Adverse effect:Nausea, diarrhea, dysuria, rashes, urticaria, angioedema& other hypersensitivity reactions
Usual dosage:1-2gm daily in 1-2 doses
Special precautions:Hypersensitivity to penicillin, severe renal impairment
CEFAZOLIN B
Supply:1GM/VIAL(CEFAZOLLINR, VETERINR,WINZOLINR), 500MG/VIAL(WINZOLINR,VETERINR)
Use:Cefazolin is a first-generation cephalosporin. Active against Staphylococci, Streptococci, Neisseria, Salmonella, Shigella spp, Bordetella pertussis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and some strains of E.coli and Haemophilus influenzae.
Contraindication:Use with great care in patients allergic to penicillin and taking anticoagulants.
Adverse effect:Allergic reaction, elevated SGOT, increased prothrombin time, neurological disturbances, superinfection, acute and potentially fatal renal failure.
Usual dosage:Usual dosage:Normal Dosage: Adult 0.5 - 2g Q6-12H, in severe infections 6 g/day; maximum daily dose: 6 - 12g. Child: 25 - 50 mg/kg/day in divided doses.
Dosage adjustment : according to CrCl (ml/min)
> 55 :
1 g
Q6-8H
35 - 54 :
1 g
Q8-12H
11 - 34 :
1 g - 500 mg
Q12H
< 10 :
1 g - 500 mg
Q24H
CEFEPIME B
Supply:500MG/VIAL(MAXIPIMER)
Use:Cefepime is considered to be a fourth generation cephalosporin antibiotic because it has good gram negative coverage similar to third generation cephalosporins but better gram positive coverage.
Place in therapy: Cefepime has been useful in the treatment of respiratory tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, and urinary tract infections. It is particularly effective against infections involving gram-negative bacilli and Pseudomonas spp. Cefepime is most closely resembles ceftazidime in its spectrum of activity, with possibly increased activity against many enterobacter species and gram-positive organisms. It is not useful against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus species enterococcal species and has poor activity against anaerobic organisms. Cefepime may prove useful as an alternative to existing third-generation cephalosporins.
Contraindication:Hypersensitivity to cefepime or other cephalosporin antibiotics. In patient with renal dysfunction; dosage adjustment may be required.. Use cautiously in patients with history of colitis and patient with hypersensitivity to penicillins.
Adverse effect:Phlebitis may occur and resolves upon discontinuation of therapy. Headache, blurred vision, lightheadedness, dyspepsia, and antibiotic-associated diarrhea may occur. Although transient elevations in serum transaminases may occur, no clinical hepatotoxicity has been reported.
Usual dosage:Adults: 1 g IV Q12H; maximum recommended dose: 2 g BID for severe and very severe infecti
Cr Clearance Mild Infection Moderate Infection Severe Infection
Supply:250MG/VIAL(CLAFORANR), 1GM/VIAL(CETAXR), 2GM/VIAL(CLAFORANR)
Use:Resp tract, GUT, ENT, abdominal infections, skin & soft tissue, bone & joint infection; septicemia, gonorrhea
Contraindication:Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins
Adverse effect:Transient pain at inj site, diarrhea, candidiasis, hypersensitivity reactions, eosinophilia, leucopenia, thrombopenia. Raraly, phlebitis, superinfection
Usual dosage:1 gm 12 hrly IV or IM
CEFTAZIDIME
Supply:500MG/VIAL(KEFADIMR)
Use:Ceftazidime is a third-generation cephalosporin. Treatment of lower respiratory tract, skin, urinary tract, bone and joint infections; gynecologic infection, intra-abdominal infection, septicemia and CNS infection.
Contraindication:Patients with known hypersensitivity to cephalosporins
Adverse effect:Allergic reaction, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and metallic taste, eosinophilia, thrombo-cytosis.
Usual dosage:Normal Dosage: The adult dosage range is 1-6g/day: for instance, 500 mg, 1 g or 2 g given 12 or 8 hourly by IV or IM injection. Child age over two months is 30 to 100 mg/kg/day given as 2 or 3 divided doses Child age over 2 months under 1 year is 25 to 50 mg/kg twice daily. Neonate and infants up to 2 month of age is 25 to 60 mg/kg/day given as two divided doses.
Dosage adjustment : according to CrCl (ml/min)
> 50 :
1 - 2 g
Q8-12H
31 - 50 :
1 g
Q12H
16 - 30 :
1 g
Q24H
6 - 15 :
500 mg
Q24H
< 5 :
500 mg
Q48H
CEFTRIAXONE
Supply:1GM/VIAL(CEFINR), 500MG/VIAL(ROCEPHINR)
Use:Ceftriaxone is a third-generation cephalosporin. Treatment of respiratory tract infections, particularly pneumonia and ear, nose and throat infections, renal and urinary tract infections, meningitis.
Contraindication:Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins.
Adverse effect:Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, allergic dermatitis, eosinophilia, hematoma or bleeding, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia.
Usual dosage:The usual dosage for adult and child over 12 years old is 1 - 2 g once daily. The maximum adult dosage is 4 g daily. Infants and young child may receive 50 - 75 mg/kg (not to exceed 2 g) daily given in equally divided doses every 12 hours.
CEFUROXIME
Supply:250MG/VIAL(ZINACEFR)
Use:Resp tract, GUT, ENT, abdominal infections, skin & soft tissue, bone & joint infection; septicemia, gonorrhea
Contraindication:Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins
Adverse effect:Hypersensitivity, GI disturbances including very rarely pseudomembranous colitis. Haematological changse. Superinfection. Transient pain at IM inj site Occasionally, thrombophlebitis
Usual dosage:Adult 750 mg tid Imor IV. Severe infection: 1.5 g tid IV. Child 30-100 mg/kg/day in 3 or 4 divided doses. Neonate 30-100 mg/kg/day in 2 or 3 divided doses
CEPHALEXIN B
Supply:250MG/CAP(KEFLEXR, KIDOLEXR, LONFLEXR), 500MG/CAP(ULEXR), 1GM/VIAL(ROLESR)
Use:Cephalexin is a first-generation cephalosporin. Against both gram positive and negative organisms, but less potent.
Contraindication:Use with great care in patients allergic to penicillin and taking anticoagulants.
Adverse effect:Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal discomfort. Skin rashes, eosinophilia and neutropenia, rise in serum aminotransferases, superinfection (particularly candida).
Usual dosage:Adults: 250-500 mg Q6H, maximum dose up to 12 g/day. Child: 25-100 mg/kg/day divided into 4 doses, maximum dose up to 4 g/day.
CEPHALOTHIN B
Supply:1GM/VIAL(KEFLINR, ULOTHIN NEUTRALR)
Use:Infection of the resp tract, GIT, GUT, skin & skin structure, bone & joint
Contraindication:Hyperseneitivity
Adverse effect:Diarrhea, allergic reactions, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, pseudomembranous colitis, local reactions eg thrombophlebitis
Usual dosage:1-2 gm IV prior to surgery; 1-2gm during surgery; 1-2 gm 6-hrly post-op for 14 hr.
CEPHAPIRIN SOD.
Supply:1GM/VIAL(CEPHAZERR)
Use:Infection of upper & lower resp tract, skin & soft tissue, GUT & others due to susceptible microorganisms
Contraindication:Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins
Adverse effect:Nausea, vommiting, diarrhea & abdominal discomfort; skin rash, urticaria; eosinophilia; angioedema ; anaphylaxis; leukopenia, anemia, neutropenia; superinfection; pseudomembranous colitis
Usual dosage:500mg-1gm 4-6 hrly
Supply:100MG/CAP(MENOCINR),100MG/PELLET-FILLED CAP(MINOCINR), 100MG/VIAL(MINOCINR)
Use:Treatment of susceptible bacterial infections of both gram-positive organisms; acne, meningococcal carrier state
Contraindication:Hypersensitivity to minocycline, other tetracyclines; childrean <8 years of age
Adverse effect:GI disturbance, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions, superinfection, discoloration of teeth in child, renal damage.
Usual dosage:PO or IV 200mg initially, then 100mg Q12H (IV should not exceed 400mg in 24 hours).
Patient information:Avoid unnecessary exposure to sunlight; do not take with antacids, iron products; finish all medication; do not skip doses; take 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals
Aminoglycosides
AMIKACIN SULFATE C
Supply:250MG/2ML/VIAL(AMINFECR), 500MG/2ML(AMIKIN PARENTERALR)
Use:Antimicrobial activity similar to gentamicin, and effective against organisms resistant to gentamicin, tobramycin and kanamycin.
Contraindication:Hypersensitivity to amikacin or other amino-glycosides antibiotics. It should be given with care to patient with impaired renal function.
Adverse effect:Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity.
Usual dosage: Normal Dosage: IM or IV 15-20 mg/kg/day in divided doses Q8H or Q12H, maximum dose 1.5 g/day.
Dosage adjustment : according to CrCl (ml/min)
Any CrCl-initial dose :
7.5 mg/kg
--
75 - 100 :
7.5 mg/kg
Q8-12H
50 - 75 :
7.5 mg/kg
Q16-24H
< 50 :
7.5 mg/kg
Q24H or more
Patient information:Report loss of hearing, ringing or roaring in the ears, or feeling of fullness in head
GENTAMICIN C
Supply:80mg/2ml/vial(GentamicinR), 140mg/ml/vial(GantaR)
Use:Bactericidal against many strains of gram negative including E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia, Shigella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and some Proteus. Among gram positive organisms: Staphylococcus aureus is high sensitive.
Contraindication:Hypersensitivity or toxic reaction to gentamicin. It should be given with care to patients with impaired renal function or with ototoxicity symptoms occur.
Adverse effect:Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity (vestibular damage is more common than hearing loss), allergy reaction.
Usual dosage:Usual dosage:Normal Dosage: Usual daily dose : 3 mg/kg in divided doses, IM or IV. Usual dose range: 1-5 mg/kg/day.,maximum dose: 8 mg/kg/day.
Dosage adjustment : according to CrCl (ml/min)
Any CrCl :
initial dose 1.5-2.5 mg/kg
--
75 - 100 :
1.5 - 2.5 mg/kg
Q 8-12H
50 - 75 :
1.5 - 2.5 mg/kg
Q16-24H
< 50 :
1.5 - 2.5 mg/kg
Q24H or more
NETILMICIN SULFATE D
Supply:150mg/1.5ml/vial(NETROMYCINR)
Use:Active against aerobic gram-negative bacilli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, against gentamicin and tobramycin-resistant organisms.
Contraindication:Hypersensitivity, cross-allergenicity among aminoglycosides has been demonstrated. Use cautiously when patients are also receiving anesthetics, neuromuscular blocking agents (succinylcholine, tubocurarine), or massive transfusions of citrate-anticoagulated blood
Adverse effect:Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, liver enzyme elevation, neuromuscular blockade (when combined with tubocurarine)
Usual dosage:Adults: 4 - 6.5 mg/kg/day IM or IV in 2 - 3 divided doses, 7 - 14 days; maximum dose: 7.5 mg/kg/day, 12 mg/kg/day in cystic fibrosis. Infants older than 6 weeks and child less than 12 years: recommended dose is 5.5 - 8 mg/kg/day IM or IV
TOBRAMYCIN SULFATE D
Supply:80MG/2ML/VIAL(TOPRAMYCINR)
Use:Treatment of infections caused by susceptible gm+ve & gm-ve bacteria.
Contraindication:Hypersensitivity
Adverse effect:Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity & neuromuscular blockade. Hypersensitivity reactions, visual disturbances.
Usual dosage:Adult Pyelonephritis cystitis 120 mg/day IM/IV in 2 divided doses. Other infections 180 mg/day IM/IV in 3 divided doses. Child 3mg/kg IM/IV in 2-3 divided doses.
Macrolides
CLARITHROMYCIN C
Supply:250mg/Tab(KLARICIDR)
Use:It has a similar spectrum of activity as erythromycin. It is effective for the treatment of upper and lower respiratory tract infections. It is also approved for use in skin and skin structure infections, and infections caused by Mycobacterium avium complex.
Contraindication:Hypersensitive to erythromycin and use with caution in patients with marked renal or hepatic impairment.
Adverse effect:Eosinophilia (2.6%), prolong prothrombin time (1%), decreased white blood cell (<1%), thrombocytopenia, headache, epigastritis, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, taste disturbance (3%), hemauria, proteinuria, rash urticaria.
Usual dosage:Adults: 250 to 500 mg BID for most infections. Child: 5 to 10 mg/kg/day.The specific guidelines are not provided, it is recommended that the dose of clarithromycin be decreased or the dosage interval be prolonged in the presence of renal impairment.
ERYTHROMYCIN B
Supply:250mg/Cap(ERYTHROMYCIN ESTOLATER)
Use:Active against most gram positive and some negative bacteria, including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Hemolytic Streptococci, Diphtheria bacillus are sensitive; used in conjunction with neomycin for decontaminating the bowel; treatment of gastroparesis
Contraindication:Pregnancy and hypersensitivity, use with caution to patient with pre-existing liver disease.
Adverse effect:Allergic reaction, GI upsets, cholestatic hepatitis.
Usual dosage: Adults: 250 - 500 mg Q6H, up to 4 g/day.
Child: PO 30 - 50 mg/kg/day Q6H, IV 15 - 20 mg/kg/day ,up to 4 g/day.
Patient information:Refrigerate after reconstitution, take until gone, do not skip doses; report to physician if persistent diarrhea occurs; discard any unused portion after 10 days; absorption of estolate, ethylsuccinate, and base in a delayed release form are unaffected by food; take stearate salt and nondelayed release base preparation 2 hours befor or after meals
Supply:2.5mg/F.C.Tab(XatralR)
Use:Treatment of certain functional symptoms of benign prostatic hypertrophy, when surgery has to be delayed
Contraindication:History of oryhostatic hypotension
Adverse effect:More frequently: GI disturbances, lipothymic events & headache. Less frequently: dry mouth, tachycardia chest pain, asthenia, drowsiness, rash, pruritus & flushes.Palpitation, orthostatic hypotension & edema.
Usual dosage:Xatral 1 tab tid. Xatral XL 10mg qd
ALPROSTADIL
Supply:20mcg/Vial(CAVERJECTR)
Use:Patent ductus arteriosus, Buerger's disease, arteriosclerosis obliterans, pulmonary atresia, Raynaud's disease, peripheral vascular disease, ischemic leg ulcer due to chronic arterial occlusion.
Contraindication:Neonates with respiratory distress syndrome.
Adverse effect:Flushing, hypotension, bradycardia, apnea, fever, seizures, tachycardia, diarrhea.
Usual dosage:Raynaud's phenomenon: 6-10ng/kg/min IV for 12-72 hours. Angina: 5-30ng/kg/min IV for 24-72 hours. Dilation of ductus arteriosus: 0.05-0.1mg/kg/min.
FINASTERIDE X
Supply:5MG/TAB(PROSCARR)
Use:Benign prostatic hyperplasia. Finasteride causes a decrease in serum prostate-specific antigen, a marker commonly used for the detection of prostatic carcinoma. Patients should be screened for prostatic carcinoma by other methods (digital rectal exam) prior to and during finasteride therapy.
Place in therapy: Finasteride is an 5-a reductase inhibitor; it inhibits the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. But several weeks of therapy are often required before any benefit is noted by the patient. Combination therapy with finasteride and an alpha-blocker may provide optimal medical management.
Contraindication:Hypersensitivity to finasteride and pregnancy; It is not indicated for use in women or children.
Adverse effect:Finasteride interferes the marker of prostatic carcinoma PSA (prostate-specific antigen). Caution in patients with hepatic dysfunction.
Usual dosage:5 mg PO QD; urinary excretion of metabolites are decreased in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. However, an increased fecal excretion occurs in these patients. No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients with chronic renal insufficiency
OXYBUTYNIN CHLORIDE B
Supply:2.5MG/TAB(BLASECR)
Use:Used as an antispasmodic in patients with uninhibited neurogenic or reflex neurogenic bladder for the relief of symptoms associated with voiding, such as urgency, urge incontinence, frequency, nocturia and incontinence.
Contraindication:Patients with glaucoma, myasthenia gravis, partial or complete obstruction of the GI tract, adynamic ileus, megacolon, severe colitis or ulcerative colitis when megacolon is present.
Adverse effect:Dry mouth, decreased sweating, urinary hesitancy and/or retention, hot flushes, fever, tachycardia, palpitation, transient blurred vision, mydriasis, cycloplegia or increased ocular tension.
Usual dosage:The usual adult dosage is 5g 2 or 3 times daily with a maximum of 5mg 4 times daily. Child older than 5 years of age is 5mg twice daily with a maximum of 5mg 3 times daily.
PHENAZOPYRIDINE HCL X
Supply:100MG/S.C.TAB(UROPYRINR)
Use:Treatment &control of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) to cause regression of enlarged prostate, improve urine flow& improve the symptoms of BPH
Contraindication:Women & pead patients
Adverse effect:Impotence, decreased libido & vol of ejaculate
Usual dosage:5 mg daily
TAMSULOSIN HCL
Supply:0.2MG/CAP(HARNALIDGER)
Use:Urinary dysfunction caused by prostatic hyperplasia
Adverse effect:Dizziness, GI discomfort, allergy, impaired hepatic function, nasal congestion, peripheral edema, asthenia
Usual dosage:0.2mg once daily
Special precautions:Orthostatic hypotension. May impair ability to drive or operate machinery
TERAZOSIN C
Supply:2MG/TAB(HYTRINR)
Use:Hypertension, benign prostatic hypertrophy, and heart failure.
Place in therapy: All of the available selective a-1-receptor blockers appear to be equally effective for the treatment of hypertension. Since a -1-adrenergic blockers may be safely used in patients with diabetes, congestive heart failure, asthma, and hyperlipidemia, they may be preferred initial agents.
For benign prostatic hyperplasia, surgical (transurethral prostatectomy) treatment is associated with an 85% improvement in symptoms, a-blockers reduce symptoms by 51%, and treatment with the 5-a-reductase inhibitor finasteride improves symptoms by 31%.
Contraindication:Hypersensitivity.
Adverse effect:The first-dose syncope and postural hypotension frequently occur. Other adverse effects include dizziness, faintness, fatigue and headache; tachycardia has also been observed.
Usual dosage:Adults: Initial dose 1mg PO HS, then titrate to 5mg PO QD; some patients may require 10-20mg PO QD. Dosing adjustments are not required in elderly patients but escalation should be slower.
U-CITRA
Supply:K-CITRATE GRANULESR
Use:Citrate and citric acid solutions are systemic and urinary alkalinizing agents. Used to correct the acidosis of certain renal tubular disorders, to treat metabolic acidosis, for long-term urine alkalinization, for prevention and treatment of uric acid and calcium kidney stones, and as non-particulate neutralizing buffers.
Contraindication:Severe renal impairment with oliguria, azotemia, or anuria; Addison's disease; adynamic episodica hereditaria; acute dehydration; heat cramps; severe myocardial damage; hyperkalemia. Caution should be used in patients with low urinary output or reduced glomerular filtration rates.
Adverse effect:It is well tolerated in usually dosage and in normal renal function patient. Excess amount or patient with renal dysfuction may induced metabolic alkalosis or hyperkalemia.
Usual dosage:For urine alkalization: 15 to 30mL, child: 5 to 15mL, diluted with water, PC and HS.
For treatment of calcium and uric acid stones: potassium citrate 30-60mEq/day PO in 3 or 4 doses with meals or within 30 minutes after meals.
Content :sulfamethoxazle 400mg, trimethoprim 80mg
Use:It is used for the treatment of urinary tract infections caused by susceptible strains of E. coli, Proteus (indole positive or negative) Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Shigella spp. and also active against Pneumocystis carinii.
Contraindication:Pregnancy, infants younger than 2 months, lactation, hypersensitivity to sulfonamides or trimethoprim, patients with impaired renal or hepatic function.
Adverse effect:Agranulocytosis, aplastic and megaloblastic anemia, nausea, erythema multiforme, headache, and mental depression.
Usual dosage:Adults: 2 tab Q12H for 10-14 days in urinary tract infection, 8mg/kg trimethoprim and 40mg/kg sulfamethoxazole daily, give in 2 divided dose Q12H.
Dosage adjustment : according to CrCl (ml/min)
> 30 10-20mg/kg/d
n 2-3 div.
doses
15 - 30 5-10 mg/kg/d
n 2-3 div.
Doses
< 15
n 2-3 div.
no recommended
The usual IV dosage is 8-10mg/kg/day in 2-4 equally divided doses every 6, 8 or 12 hours for 5 days or up to 14 day for severe UTIs.
For all IV doses of cotrimoxazole, the drug in 100ml of D5W per 5ml vial over 30 minutes is recommended. If fluid restriction is required, each 5ml ampule can be added to 75ml D5W and should be administered within 2 hours.
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